1、 Composition of photovoltaic panels
Solar photovoltaic panels are mainly made of semiconductor materials, including elements such as silicon and germanium. A photovoltaic panel consists of several photovoltaic cells, each containing two semiconductor layers, namely p-type and n-type. There is a p-n junction between these two semiconductor layers, which is the core part of the photovoltaic cell.
2、 Photoelectric effect
When sunlight shines on a photovoltaic cell, photons interact with electrons in the semiconductor material, causing electrons to transition from the valence band to the conduction band, thereby forming an electric current. This process is known as the photoelectric effect.
3、 Power generation process
1. Photons interact with semiconductor materials, producing electrons and holes.
2. Electrons and holes recombine near the p-n junction, releasing excess energy.
3. Electrons and holes flow in the inner and outer circuits respectively, forming a current.
4. After being connected in series with photovoltaic cells, the current is converged and output to supply external circuits.
4、 Factors affecting the efficiency of photovoltaic power generation
1. Light intensity: The higher the light intensity, the more obvious the photoelectric effect and the higher the power generation efficiency.
2. Conversion efficiency of solar cells: The higher the efficiency of photovoltaic cells in converting light energy into electricity, the greater the power generation.
3. Environmental temperature: The higher the environmental temperature, the lower the power generation efficiency of the photovoltaic cell.
4. Dust and dirt: Dust and dirt can reduce the illumination area of photovoltaic panels and lower power generation efficiency.
Summary:
Solar photovoltaic panels, as a clean and renewable green energy source, have broad application prospects. By understanding the power generation principle of photovoltaic panels, we can better utilize solar energy. Let’s work together to explore the infinite possibilities of photovoltaic power generation and strive for a better future for our planet.
