Before understanding the true knowledge of solar energy, it is necessary to first grasp what DC and AC electricity are. The so-called direct current refers to the direction invariant current (referred to as DC), while alternating current refers to the current that undergoes periodic changes in size and direction (referred to as AC). Alternating current has different waveforms, commonly sinusoidal

First, let’s get to know the basic components – solar panels

①Monocrystalline:  monocrystalline solar cells are mostly 156 * 156mm in size, with a dark blue surface and high color purity. After being laminated with glass, they appear black, and the conversion efficiency is slightly higher than that of polycrystalline cells

②Polycrystalline: Polycrystalline solar cells are mostly 156 * 156mm in size, with a light blue surface and low color purity. After being laminated with glass, they appear blue

Assembling the aforementioned solar panels yields an important component – the solar panel, which is responsible for converting solar energy into electricity. And solar panels can be divided into many types:

① Monocrystalline solar panels

② Polycrystalline solar panels

③ Flexible solar panels

④ Folding solar panels

⑤ Drip glue solar panels

Based on solar panels, a solar power generation system can be formed, which can be divided into two categories: off grid systems and grid connected systems. The grid here refers to the State Grid. Let’s talk about it one by one:

Off grid definition: refers to the use of electricity outside the national power grid. The off grid power generation system mainly consists of solar panels, controllers, batteries, and wires. If the output power supply is AC 220V or 110V, an inverter needs to be configured.

List and functions of off grid system accessories

① The function of solar panels: to convert the energy of sunlight into electrical energy

② The function of the line and crocodile clip is to connect solar panels with solar panels, solar panels with batteries, and other components

③ The function of the solar controller is to protect the battery from overcharging and discharging, control the discharge time, and prevent nighttime reverse charging

④ The function of an off grid inverter is to convert the DC electricity generated by solar panels into household AC electricity for use by the load

⑤ The function of a battery is to store the electricity generated by solar panels during the day for use at night

⑥ Load: Household loads such as TV FAN, microwave, printer etc

⑦ The function of fuses: to ensure safety, the use of these accessories usually requires consultation with local power engineers

Grid connection definition: Used for integration (into the national power grid). Grid connected power generation system refers to the direct current generated by solar panels being converted into AC power that meets the requirements of the municipal power grid through grid connected inverters and directly connected to the public power grid.

List and functions of grid connected system accessories

① The function of solar panels: to convert the energy of sunlight into electrical energy

② The function of the line and crocodile clip is to connect solar panels with solar panels, solar panels with batteries, and other components

③ The function of grid connected inverters is to convert the DC electricity generated by solar panels into household AC electricity, which is prioritized for use by the load. If the load is not used up, it is directly fed into the power grid