When applying photovoltaic systems to new industrial and civil buildings, it is necessary to comprehensively consider the current environmental conditions of the construction site, building scale, different functional requirements of the building, and various planning elements during the planning and design stages.
At the same time, it is necessary to fully consider factors such as geographical climate, solar energy resources, energy consumption, and construction conditions that affect the application of solar photovoltaic systems, in order to determine the layout direction, spacing, density, as well as the combination of roads, greenery, and space of the building, so that the building has the necessary conditions to meet the technical requirements of solar photovoltaic system application in the planning stage.
1、 Selection of Photovoltaic Systems
The selection of photovoltaic systems is a key aspect of building design. Architects not only need to create novel and beautiful building appearances, but also need to choose the type of photovoltaic system and the color of photovoltaic materials reasonably according to the building type and functional requirements, and coordinate with the building structure and electrical profession.
Jointly determine the installation positions of photovoltaic system components in various parts of the building, without affecting the functional requirements of the building.
Photovoltaic system product suppliers should provide technical indicators such as the specifications, dimensions, and loads of photovoltaic modules, as well as the specifications, dimensions, safe positions, and safety requirements of embedded parts to the building design unit, such as the power generation performance and testing reports of photovoltaic systems, to ensure product quality and performance, and to propose electricity requirements to the building electrical engineer.
Electrical engineers are responsible for designing photovoltaic systems, arranging pipelines, and determining pipeline directions; Structural engineers should consider the load of photovoltaic systems when designing building structures to ensure structural safety, and embed embedded components to provide safe and reliable conditions for the anchoring and installation of photovoltaic modules.
Close cooperation among all parties is an important guarantee for ensuring the integration of photovoltaic systems and buildings.
2、 Installation and safety of photovoltaic modules
Photovoltaic modules installed on building roofs, balconies, walls, windows, or other parts must meet electrical and structural safety requirements, and set up live warning signs according to electrical design specifications, while taking safety protection measures.
The photovoltaic modules that directly form the building envelope structure not only need to meet electrical and structural safety requirements, but also need to set up live warning signs according to electrical design specifications.
When adding or renovating photovoltaic systems to existing buildings, it will increase the building load, and the installation process will also have an impact on the building structure, building functions, and building thermal performance.
Therefore, it is necessary to review and inspect the safety of building structures, building electrical safety, etc. The installation of photovoltaic modules must not reduce the thermal requirements of the building.
In architectural design, measures should also be considered to prevent damage and detachment of photovoltaic modules, such as setting eaves, installing rain shelters at entrances, planting greenery near buildings, etc., to reduce the possibility of people approaching and prevent falling objects from injuring people.
3、 Compatibility between photovoltaic modules and buildings
Normally, the design lifespan of a building is 2-3 times that of a photovoltaic system. The structure and type of photovoltaic modules and other system components should be easy to install on the building envelope, facilitate maintenance, repair, and partial replacement.
Therefore, architectural design should not only consider natural damage factors such as earthquakes, wind loads, snow loads, hail, etc., but also provide necessary safe and convenient operating conditions for the daily maintenance of photovoltaic systems, especially for the installation, maintenance, daily maintenance, and replacement of photovoltaic modules.
For flat roofs, roof entrances and exits should be set up to facilitate the entry and exit of installation and maintenance personnel; For sloping roofs, metal steel frames or hooks should be reserved at appropriate positions on the ridge for easy installation and maintenance personnel to wear safety belts, ensuring the safety of maintenance personnel during operation.
